Ratchet wrench



S. R, ENBERG mmm WRENCH tiled July z, $25.

Mmh 2v2, 19.27.

` vwrench;

Patented Mar. 22, 1927.

sToNE n. ENBEEG, or WORCESTER, Ivinssnennsnrrs, assIGN-on To WAEDEN- WORCESTER, INCORPORATED, or woneEsrEn,'iaassncnusnfrra A. eeEroEarroN 0F MASSACHSETTS. n

i nATonEr WRENCH.

,Application filed Y:hay 2,

This application relates to an improvement in ratchet wrenches in which the member tobe turned may be operated by oscilla-y. y

' are eachpivoted between two plates 9 and tion of the handle of the wrench. l

It is an object of the invention to vprovide a wrench of this type which will consist ofy few parts, easy to manufacture, and which at the same time will be rugged and reliable in service.

Another object ofthe invention isA to provide a wrench of the type described, inv

which the turning member may be operated by oscillation of the handle through a very limited space, adapting the wrench to work in limited confines, without any loss of eifrciency in operation. y,

Another object of the invention is ltoprovide a wrench in which each forward pull on the handle causes tighter enga-gement be` tween the handle and the turning portion, but in vwhich rearward movement of the handle readily disengages the 'handle from the turning portion. Y

Various other objects and advantages of vthe invention will appearV as the description thereof proceeds.

Referring now tothe drawings, which illustrate a preferred. form of the embodiment of the invention Fig. 1 is a plan view of Fig. 2 is a plan view of a modified form of wrench, with one vofthe `side'plates removed, showing the rearward position of the handle in dotted lines;r

Fig. 3 is a sectional view onthe line 3 3 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is a side view of the nurled head or turning member. Y l

The wrench of my invention comprises a handle portion l and turning Yportion or head 2 which is provided in the center theren of with a suitably shaped opening 3 for receiving the nuts or wrench sockets to be turned by the wrench. The head or collet 2 comprises the cylindrical barrel 4 in which the polygonal opening 3 is located, and includes an integral rim or projection 5 at the center of the barrel, the outer edge of which is nurled at 6 to provide for co-operation of the head member with the handle. The handle comprises a shank portion l, which is cut away at the end nearest the head to provide a projection or pawl 7, the

my improved 1925. seriaiNo. 41,037.

rimY 5. The handle and'head of the wrench 10- which have openingsll therein to receive the ends of the lbarreld `which pro.-

ject beyond. the rimjoand have openingsy to receive thevrivet' l2y on which the, handle 1 is pivotedand the rivet`13, which provides additionalsecuring means between the two-V plates 9 and lO'and acts as astop to prevent rearward movement ofthe handle y14 relative to the plates- 9 and 10 beyonda pre.-

determined point.

Excluding the rivet-s, the wrench comprisesl only four parts,-the handle l, the head 2,.

plates 9 andlO. The rim. 5j Ais.,

and 'the nurled or milled at-6 to` providey a plurality of .closely spaced projections. or teeth '6'v running parallelto theaxis of the barrel 4,. to which the nurling Son thepawl Z of the handle corresponds inv size and shape. In the `model'ofl the wrench l from which the present Vdrawings were made, there'V were approximately 120 teeth or nurled .edges .6 on the rim 5, so that in the operation ofthe wrench it is only necessary to move' the handle rearwardly Vby about 3 degrees. in order to change the grip and permit forward rotation. of the head 2'.: This, ascontrasted with the. ordinary type of ratchet wrench in which rotation of the. handle. tlirough .151 to 20 degrees or more. .is required to move: from l f onewtooth of the ratchetto the other, enables the present wrench to operate in a much more confined position than the usual ratchet wrench, because `of the very slight oscillationof the handle, necessary to permit a change of grip and forward rotation of the head 2.V Since the teeth 6 are shallow as compared to the usual ratchet teeth therev vis little lost motion in disengaging'the pawl 7 of the .handlev from the head. YFurthermore, by providing the'rim 5 of the'head 2 l withV nurled or milled teeth of ysmall dimensions, it is possible vtov completely finish the head 2 in an automatic screw 'machine, without t-he intervention of hand work, whereas, with the usual type of ratchet teeth, it is necessary to shape the teeth by the use of a milling cutter, which 'is expensive both from the standpoint of labor, handling, and materials required.l

By providing the pawl 7 at the end of the handle with the corresponding nurl, instead of gripping the head 2 at one point asl is the case with the customary pawl, the end of the handle grips the head 2 at a plurality of points, dependingfupon the vnumber of teeth or projections 8 onV the end of the handle 7.

The location oi the rivet l2 relative to Y the end of the handle is such that Jforward pull upon the handle increases the pressure of the pawl againstY the rim 5 of the head, and decreases any tendency to slip, which might be incurred by the additional strain on the wrench, whereas the radius ot movement ofthe pawl 7 around the rivet l2 when the handle is moved in the reverse,

direction quickly and easily disengages the teeth 8 vfrom the teeth G on the rim, with only a slight movement of the handle. Upon the rearward movement ot the handle the heel 14 thereofv soon after the disen ment of Vthe pawl 7 from the rim .5 contacts with `the rivetl 13 to cause the handle i and the plates 9 and l0 to turn rearwardly around the head 2, which is held stationary by its engagement with the nut or socket being turned, so that on the next forward movement oliV the handle the Vaawl 7' .cries a new portion of the rim 5, and toi-ward pull on thehandle causes 'forward rotation of the head 2, to turn the nut or wrench socket with which it is engaged.

In the embodiment of the invention shown inFigs. Q, and 3, the opening 3 is Vnot breached all the way through but has been stopped-at the point indicated by the lugs V3 forming a ledge or stop at about the middle of the barrel 4. This prevents the head 2 from slipping down over the nut or wrench socket to which it is applied.

' In compliance with the patent statutes, I have illustrated and described preferred forms of embodiment ot my invention; but it will be understood, however, that certain chang-es and modifications may be Vmade therein without departing from the spirit et the invention or the scopeof the appended Claims. Y Y

I claim: i

l. A ratchet wrench comprising a collet provided with a polygonal opening, an exterior mid-section having a nurled periphery, and exterior end sections ot reduced `lugs projecting' 'from tne periphery ot said opening, said collet comprising an eXteriorly nurled micfsection oi' increased diaineter and end sections of reduced diam-eter forming shoulders at the ends ot saidV midsection, sine plates `provided with holes adapted to receive the end sections of the collet, 'whereby said side plates are spaced apart by said shoulders, a handle comprising` a plurality of ratchet teeth and .pivoted on a rivet passing thru said side plates in posi-V tion for the engagement of, the nurlcd section ot said collet by said ratchet teeth.r a second rivet passing` between said side plates and forming a stop limiting the rotation of. the handle with respect to the side plates, said rivets constituting the sole means for securing the handle, collet, and sid-e plates in assembled relation. i

In testimony whereof I have aiiixed my si gnature to this specifica-tion.

sroNE R. Encens.

aeY 

